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International Road Federation makes suggestion to Transport Ministry
NEW DELHI, NOVEMBER 13:
To lower the number of fatalities and injuries due to road accidents, the International Road Federation (IRF) wants to equip more people with first-aid and trauma care knowledge.
The federation has also suggested that such training be made mandatory to obtain a driving licence.
The IRF, which has devised a training module in partnership with an AIIMS team, also wants to train bus and truck drivers. Additionally, it wants to extend to training to employees of petrol pumps and dhabas as well as the public.
India has made a commitment to lower road accidents and fatalities by at least half by 2020. As of now, about 1.5 lakh people die on Indian roads a year, and many more are left severely injured. However, there is a silver lining, albeit small, with India reporting an almost 5 per cent drop in road accident deaths in the first half of 2017.
Trauma care
Explaining the proposed project, IRF Chairman KK Kapila, who has already taken up this proposal with the Ministry of Road Transport, told BusinessLine: “Whenever there are accidents, buses and trucks are likely to pass through the area soon.
“If the drivers are trained, they can provide first-aid and trauma care, apart from moving victims to the nearest hospital, preventing deaths.”
IRF has earlier trained about 12,000 bus and truck drivers across the country, and wants to roll out a similar programme on a wider basis.
Half of the lives lost in road crashes can be saved if the victims get immediate assistance, said Piyush Tewari, CEO, SaveLIFE Foundation, an NGO working in the road safety sector.
“Training citizens in first-aid is crucial and must begin at the age of 13 itself and continue throughout schooling. Trained bystanders can play a game-changing role in saving lives.
“They can inform the authorities after a crash and keep the victim stable through first-aid while waiting for ambulance or alternate transport to hospital.”
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By Joe Finnerty, Digital Motors Editor
14th November 2017, 1:22 pm
Updated: 14th November 2017, 2:57 pm
BLACK cabbies will be given life-saving first-aid training to deal with acid and terror attacks.
Thousands of London taxi drivers will be taught life-saving techniques such as CPR and how to use a defibrillator as part of the Knowledge.
The scheme – launched by mytaxi – comes after it was revealed 71 per cent of cabbies have made emergency trips to hospital for passengers with serious medical issues like broken ankles or even strokes.
One driver had to deal with a passenger who was shot in the stomach, and another picked up a young female passenger whose drink had been spiked with a ‘date-rape’ drug.
And dozens of cabbies admitted they’d had to give birth to a child in the back of their taxi.
Nearly a quarter of taxi drivers have come to the aid of the public in a terrorist attack, too.
A driver who witnessed the London Bridge terrorist attack took three girls to safety who had been in the Wheatsheaf pub at the time – and then went back to help others.
St John Ambulance will give first aid training with former head of the National Counter Terrorism Security Office, Chris Phillips, advising on security training.
A psychologist will also provide body language training, so drivers can put passengers more at ease by reading situations and recognising cues.
Andy Batty, UK General Manager at mytaxi black cab app said: “The Knowledge+ will build on the world’s most respected taxi training course by equipping thousands of London black cab drivers with a series of essential new skills.
“The initiative will have input from health, crisis and body language experts with the ambition of becoming an industry benchmark for training excellence.”
Former head of the National Counter Terrorism Security Office, Chris Phillips, said: “Threats to the nation’s capital are changing at an unprecedented pace.
“You can pretty much guarantee that whatever incident happens in London, a black cab will be at the scene or nearby. Professionalising their response is a brilliant way to help keep Londoners safe.”
A BRITISH doctor who was attacked by a shark at a NSW beach has said he feels “a bit sore” after escaping the attack with a punch to the animal’s head.
Charlie Fry, 25, had been surfing at Avoca Beach on the state’s Central Coast on Monday afternoon when he felt something knock into him.
“I turned to the right and I saw a shark’s head come out of the water with its teeth and I just punched it in the face,” he told Nine News.
“(I) got back on my board, shouted at my friends who were there and then managed to catch a wave in.
“So it was a bit of a close call.”
Speaking on Nine’s Today, Mr Fry said he had been inspired by surfer Mick Fanning when it came to dealing with the “hectic” incident.
The new surfer, who only arrived in Australia to work in Central Coast hospital two months ago, said he had seen the YouTube clip of Fanning saying that he had punched a shark, and that was the first thing that came to mind when he came face-to-face with his attacker.
“When it happened, I was like, ‘just do what Mick did, just punch it in the nose’,” he said.
“If you are watching or listening, Mick, I owe you a beer. Thank you very much.”
Mr Fry managed to escape the shark, but emerged from the water with puncture wounds on his upper arm where its teeth had sunk in.
“I didn’t feel the teeth going in, it felt like I was smacked, it felt like a hand, a hand grabbing me, shaking me,” he told Nine.
“It was just pure adrenaline, I genuinely thought I was going to die, like ‘you’re about to be eaten by a shark’, so everything slowed down.”
Mr Fry has only recently arrived in Australia, working at Gosford hospital for about two months.
He told the Daily Telegraph: “I’ve just got here and I’ve already been attacked.”
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Study finds that women are less likely than men to be treated by bystanders: ‘It can be kind of daunting thinking about pushing hard on a woman’s chest’
Women are less likely than men to get CPR from a bystander and more likely to die, a new study suggests, and researchers think reluctance to touch a woman’s chest might be one reason.
The study was funded by the Heart Association and the National Institutes of Health and was discussed on Sunday at an American Heart Association conference in Anaheim. It involved nearly 20,000 cases around the country and is the first to examine gender differences in receiving heart help from the public versus professional responders.
Only 39% of women suffering cardiac arrest in a public place were given CPR versus 45% of men, and men were 23% more likely to survive, the study found.
“It can be kind of daunting thinking about pushing hard and fast on the center of a woman’s chest,” said Audrey Blewer, a University of Pennsylvania researcher who led the study.
Rescuers also may worry about moving a woman’s clothing to get better access, or touching breasts to do CPR, said another study leader, Benjamin Abella, who added that doing CPR properly “shouldn’t entail that” as “you put your hands on the sternum, which is the middle of the chest. In theory, you’re touching in between the breasts.”
Cardiac arrest occurs when the heart suddenly stops pumping, usually because of a rhythm problem. More than 350,000 Americans each year experience it in settings other than a hospital. About 90% die, but CPR can double or triple survival odds.
“This is not a time to be squeamish because it’s a life and death situation,” Abella said.
Researchers had no information on rescuers or why they may have been less likely to help women. But no gender difference was seen in CPR rates for people who were stricken at home, where a rescuer is more likely to know the person needing help.
The findings suggest that CPR training may need to be improved. Even that may be subtly biased toward males – practice mannequins are usually male torsos, Blewer said.
“All of us are going to have to take a closer look at this” gender issue, said Roger White of the Mayo Clinic, who co-directs the paramedic program for the city of Rochester, Minnesota. He said he had long worried that large breasts may impede proper placement of defibrillator pads if women need a shock to restore normal heart rhythm.
Men did not have a gender advantage in a second study discussed on Sunday. It found the odds of suffering cardiac arrest during or soon after sex are very low, but higher for men than women.
Previous studies have looked at sex and heart attacks, but those are caused by a clot suddenly restricting blood flow and people usually have time to get to a hospital and be treated, said Sumeet Chugh, a cardiologist at Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute in Los Angeles. He and other researchers wanted to know how sex affected the odds of cardiac arrest, a different problem that is more often fatal.
They studied records on more than 4,500 cardiac arrests over 13 years in the Portland area. Only 34 were during or within an hour of having sex, and 32 of those were in men. Most already were on medicines for heart conditions, so their risk was elevated to start with.
“It’s a very awkward situation and a very horrifying situation to be one of the two people who survives,” but more would survive if CPR rates were higher, Chugh said.
Results of the studies were published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
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For kids with food allergies, eating the wrong food can trigger a potentially fatal reaction. No wonder parents and doctors have been reluctant to abandon timeworn treatments, like allergy testing and avoiding problem foods.
Yet the dramatic rise in food allergies over the past 20 years has experts rethinking their approach, says pediatric allergist Brian Schroer, MD. His report on the latest food allergy research reveals seven new ways doctors are managing food allergies:
1. High-risk babies may be exposed to peanuts
Several studies, particularly the LEAP (Learning Early About Peanut) trial, found that exposing high-risk babies to peanut-containing foods ― rather than avoiding them ― significantly lowers the risk of peanut allergy.
In babies deemed high risk because of eczema or egg allergy, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) recommends introducing peanut between 4 and 11 months of age.
2. Siblings of allergic children won’t need testing
The siblings of an allergic child or the children of allergic parents do not require allergy testing. They’re not much more likely to develop food allergies than children in the general population.
But doctors will still want to test children who have a known food allergy or whose moderate to severe eczema requires prescription steroid cream.
3. A positive test doesn’t mean kids must avoid a food
Doctors no longer automatically advise patients to avoid foods for which their child tested positive.
If a child has developed symptoms such as eczema after eating a certain food, Dr. Schroer instead advocates “food challenges” at a doctor’s office.
It may not be necessary to avoid the food or provoke lifelong anxiety about the possibility of severe reactions, he says.
4. Doctors will consider the psychological impact
Sitting at a separate “peanut-free table” at school or avoiding play dates is not necessary for many kids with food allergies.
The psychosocial risks are high, says Dr. Schroer. Studies suggest that doctors should ask kids with food allergies about fear, stress and bullying.
5. Your child will receive fewer oral steroids
New studies show that oral steroids are not effective in treating allergic reactions, including life-threatening anaphylaxis.
They suggest that while one dose may be effective, steroids are often prescribed for far too long after anaphylaxis resolves.
6. Allergy shots aren’t considered foolproof
While often effective in desensitizing the child to a food, allergy injections aren’t without risk.
“We don’t know their full long-term benefits and risks,” says Dr. Schroer.
Risks include anaphylaxis to the therapy itself, chronic nausea and stomach pain. Another risk: eosinophilic esophagitis, a chronic condition that causes trouble swallowing food and poor growth.
7. Your doctor may recommend counseling
Anxiety and low self-confidence can develop when kids feel vulnerable, fearful or singled out for concern and special treatment because of food allergies.
“The toll on mental health can be severe and lifelong,” says Dr. Schroer. “Kids may need coaching to feel confident about going out into the world to eat food safely.”
If you have questions about how your child’s allergy should be managed, talk to your pediatrician or to a pediatric allergist. Their recommendations may surprise you.
A MULLUMBIMBY boy who nearly died from anaphylaxis caused by a tick bite is a rare case, a leading allergy specialist has said.
Billy Fetherston’s tick-induced anaphylaxis was exceptionally unique because the reaction had escalated since a previous bite, according to Sheryl van Nunen – a senior staff specialist in the Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy at Sydney’s Royal North Shore Hospital.
“Only a minority have a reaction the next time. But it is possible and therefore, if you’ve had a really bad reaction you don’t have a lot of room to move,” Dr van Nunen said.
Dr van Nunen, who also sits on the committee for Tick-Induced Allergy Research and Awareness (TIARA), said tick-induced anaphylaxis is the least common and one of the most harmful reactions to tick bites.
Since September 2011, Dr van Nunen said she has seen about 185 patients who have suffered tick anaphylaxis from her area in the Northern Beaches of Sydney. Some of which she said have come to see her from the Northern Rivers.
Between 1997-2013, Australian Bureau of Statistics data recorded 41 fatalities from insect stings or tick bites.
Specifically, Dr van Nunen said there have been four known fatalities from tick anaphylaxis.
She said those who have died in Australia from tick anaphylaxis were “all in reasonable health” and stressed the dangerous reaction can be fatal.
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Tick anaphylaxis remains “a peculiarly Australian problem”, Dr van Nunen said and cited only 19 reports of the reaction internationally.
She said the severity of the reaction in most cases warrants that people are armed with the right steps to prevent a reaction.
“This really is something that comes down to educating people because these are totally avoidable allergies in my view,” Dr van Nunen said.
Research at Mona Vale Hospital coupled with her own research, Dr van Nunen said not disturbing the tick is crucial to avoid an anaphylaxis.
“Anaphylaxis only happens when you pull the tick out or disturb the tick,” she said.
She said there have been no reports of baby ticks, known as Nymph or larvae, linked to causing anaphylaxis.
At the end of the day, Dr van Nunen said whether we are exploring or working in the great outdoors, we’re enter the tick’s domain.
“It’s their territory and we have to learn to live with it,” she said.
Dressing for the occasion Dr van Nunen said was among the best strategies to avoid a tick bite. Using insect repellents as well as wearing long sleeve shirts and pants fitted at the wrists and ankles are a good way to keep ticks off, she said.
Treat or maintain your backyard by mowing grass, or fencing off areas connecting into bushland were other approaches Dr van Nunen suggested to prevent exposure to ticks.
Dr van Nunen’s seven tips minimise the risk of allergic reactions from ticks:
Don’t scratch anything you can’t see because it could be a tick
Do not disturb a tick as it would squirt allergen into you
Kill the tick where it is by using a freezing spray called Wart-Off. Five sprays from a distance of about half a centimetre should kill the tick, she said.
For little ticks (larvae and nymphs) on those aged under four-years-old, use Lyclear and “dab it. don’t grab it!”
For adult ticks, freeze it, don’t squeeze it!
Remember household tweezers are tick squeezers, this pushes the allergen into the body that triggers a possible allergic reactions.
If you have had a tick anaphylaxis do not do not touch the tick, call 000 or go to the nearest Emergency Department and have the tick killed there.
Make sure you check our website for the most up to date info and also to book your first aid course training. www.canberrafirstaid.com
Hebrew University Prof. Raphael Mechoulam, known as the “father” of the medical cannabis industry, will lead a team investigating the benefits of non-psychoactive cannabis components for treating asthma and other respiratory conditions.
In 1964, Mechoulam, was the first scientist to successfully isolate the THC component in cannabis. He was then a young researcher at Israel’s Weizmann Institute of Science.
Of the 140 cannabinoid molecules in the cannabis plant, the two main components are THC (the psychoactive component) and CBD, which has anti-inflammatory properties. CBD is the focus of much of Israel’s burgeoning medical cannabis research on diabetes, heart disease, autism, fracture healing and inflammatory bowel disease.
Mechoulam will conduct studies on CBD and asthma together with Prof. Francesca Levi-Schaffer at the Hebrew University’s recently established Multidisciplinary Center on Cannabis Research. The research has been commissioned by CIITECH, a UK-Israeli biotech startup headed by Clifton Flack, who cofounded iCAN-Israel Cannabis. The latter is beginning clinical testing on a cannabis formulation for insomnia.
Allergic diseases including asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and food allergies affect approximately 20 percent of the global population.
Mechoulam’s asthma research aim is to identify “a possible inhibitory effect of a derivative of cannabidiol (CBD) on allergic airway inflammation.”
While asthma and allergies are generally well controlled by steroids or symptomatic drugs, some patients are steroid-resistant and have thus been labeled as “unmet clinical needs” by the World Health Organization. “We are looking forward to investigating whether the anti-inflammatory properties of CBD will work in treating this disease,” Mechoulam said.
Flack added, “Cannabis could well become this century’s wonder drug and we’re honored to have the opportunity to support Professors Mechoulam and Levi-Schaffer on this preclinical research project.”
The cannabis-asthma announcement coincided with Cannatech, the UK’s first-ever medical cannabis event, on October 26 in London.
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We often think of food allergies as kids’ stuff: peanut-free elementary school classrooms, special dairy-free ice cream at birthday parties, and that one friend you used to have who couldn’t eat anything containing red food dye — which meant you got all his primo Halloween candy and he had to make do with Almond Joys.
In 2015, the Chicago-based research team found that at least 15 percent of adult food allergy patients receiving care at Northwestern Medicine had at least one adult-onset food allergy. However, this was a small, nonrepresentative sample of Chicago-area adults. This new study surveyed a nationally representative sample of more than 50,000 adults, allowing the researchers to draw conclusions about the national prevalence of adult-onset food allergy.
And it’s a lot higher than anyone anticipated. Compared with studies conducted a decade or more ago, the research team found that while a 2004 study estimated that 2.5 percent of adult Americans were allergic to shellfish (the most common food allergy among adults in the U.S.), this 2017 study found that number is more like 3.6 percent of the population. Same goes with tree nut allergies — a 2008 study estimated only 0.5 percent of American adults were allergic, but this new data saw a 260 percent increase, with an estimated 1.8 percent of adults having to avoid Nutella and almond butter. (Sad.)
“Adult-onset allergies are particularly interesting to study because they likely involve losing immune tolerance to foods that adults have already been previously exposed to and eaten without having an allergic reaction,” says co-author Christopher Warren, a doctoral candidate in preventive medicine at the University of Southern California, via email. “This is in contrast to childhood food allergies, which involve the immune system failing to develop tolerance to these allergenic foods in the first place. There may be two distinct mechanisms at work here.”
What’s Going On?
So, why would adults be losing their immunity chops when it comes to certain foods? A possible clue might lie in the demographic trends found in this study. The research team found certain populations were more at risk for specific adult-onset food allergies than others. For instance, Hispanic adults were all more than twice as likely to develop allergies to peanuts than whites, while Asians were more than twice as likely to develop shellfish allergies than whites.
“There are a number of interesting hypotheses currently under investigation as to why this might be,” says Warren. “For example, the intercultural differences in the ways that allergenic foods are prepared could be influencing the rates of food allergy to those foods.”
According to Warren, when foods like peanuts are roasted in the presence of sugar (undergoing a browning process known as the Maillard reaction), compounds called advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are created. AGEs have been shown to increase the allergenicity of foods. Boiling foods, on the other hand, tends to make their proteins less allergenic. This hypothesis may explain the low rates of peanut allergy in Asia, where peanuts are typically boiled or fried, relative to the Americas, where peanuts are typically dry roasted. This is consistent with what the research team found out about the prevalence of seafood allergies among Asian-American participants: Other population-based studies conducted in Asia have found shellfish allergies are the most common allergy among older children and adults there as well.
However, diet might not have everything to do with why certain populations develop allergies to specific foods with higher frequency.
“Recent work out of the HealthNuts cohort in Australia suggests that the Asian environment may be protective against food allergy,” says Warren. “Australian-born Asian children are at much higher risk of developing food allergies than Asian-born kids who move to Australia, possibly because they have been exposed to a different diet, bacterial and UV environment.”
Warren and his co-authors are interested in looking at differences in food allergy prevalence in the U.S. to see if similar differences are observable among U.S. migrants relative to those born in the States.
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Kimberley Le Lievre
With sunshine and warm weather on the way, the Lake Burley Griffin water recreation season started with a splash on Sunday for the first instalment of a new kayak race.
The inaugural Lake Burley Griffin Water Week Challenge Cup saw nine teams racing over 2 kilometres from Commonwealth Place, around the Captain Cook Memorial Jet and back.
The event marked the beginning of Lake Burley Griffin’s 27 week recreational season, running until April 14, as well as the launch of a new smartphone application and website designed to help Canberrans find their nearest summer swimming spot.
National Capital Authority event coordinator Michelle Jeffrey said perfect conditions on Sunday saw the race by won team “Two Buoys and a Girl”.
Team members Ben Kirker, Morgan Evans and Ben O’Sullivan completed the course in just under 16 minutes.
“There’s been a lot of good feedback to the challenge,” she said.
“A lot of people have said they will try hard or enter a different team next year and the executive of National Capital Authority were very positive.
“Everybody finished with smiles on their faces and maybe a few s
Participant Rebecca Sorensen said she competed with two colleagues.
“With the weather warming up, it’s an exciting opportunity to get out on the lake and enjoy some friendly competition.
“For me, Lake Burley Griffin is all about the fantastic recreational opportunities that it offers, right in the heart of the city,” she said.
“It’s not just the water activities, but the parks and open spaces surrounding it where you can run, ride your bike, have a picnic. It really is a lovely part of Canberra.”
“I think the lake offers different things for different people. It was a key component in the Griffins’ plans for Canberra, and so is symbolic in the sense that it’s been part of the city plans from the beginning and continues to be a major feature.”
The Swim Guide app and website, designed in Canada and already being used in six countries, is supported by the ACT government.
It will include water quality and swimming information on locations around Lake Burley Griffin, Lake Ginninderra, Lake Tuggeranong, the Molonglo River, Molonglo Reach, the Murrumbidgee River, Paddy’s River and the Cotter River.
Canberra’s public pools are also preparing to come out of winter hibernation.
Dickson Aquatic Centre reopens on Monday, October 23, Manuka Pool reopens on Saturday, October 28 and outdoor swimming at Canberra Olympic Pool in Civic begins on Wednesday, November 1.
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Every year, thousands of Australians are hospitalised for anaphylaxis, often as a result of food allergies.
With one in 20 children and about one in 50 adults suffering from food allergies, worrying about having a severe, and possibly fatal, reaction to something you’ve eaten is a very real concern for many Australians.
So what exactly is anaphylaxis and what can you do to stop it? First Aid Course can help.
What is anaphylaxis?
Anaphalaxis is the most severe form of allergic reaction a person can have.
Symptoms:
Mild/moderate allergic reaction:
Swelling of lips, face, eyes
Hives or welts
Tingling mouth
Abdominal pain
Anaphylaxis:
Difficulty/noisy breathing
Swelling of the tongue
Swelling/tightness of throat
Difficulty talking/hoarse voice
Wheeze or persistent fault
Persistent dizziness or collapse
Pale and floppy (young children)
Source:Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy(ASCIA)
“It’s an immune system reaction,” Maria Said, from Allergy and Anaphylaxis Australia, said.
“So a person has an antibody to a particular food protein and when they eat that food their body has a reaction. It’s multi-system reaction often.”
The difference between an allergic reaction and anaphylaxis is the latter involves the respiratoryand/or cardiovascular system.
“People who have an allergic reaction often have skin symptoms, so they might have a rash, they might have some swelling of the face, the lips or the eyes,” Ms Said said.
Once it involves their breathing and/or their heart, the situation becomes dangerous and life-threatening.
“If the person has any breathing difficulties — they have persistent coughing or wheezing, they complain of throat tightness or they have a change in their voice — that’s all to do with the respiratory system,” Ms Said said.
“Or if the person becomes really pale and listless, they become really dizzy, that’s a sign that the cardiovascular system is involved.
“Any of those symptoms and you’ve got to act very quickly.”
Can you ride it out?
How to use an EpiPen:
Hold it in your fist, keeping your fingers and thumb away from the ends
Hold it with the “blue to the sky, orange to the thigh”
Pull the blue end off — it’s a safety release
Place the orange end between the knee and the hip on the outer thigh
You can use it through clothing, but avoid pockets
Push until you hear a click then hold if for three seconds before releasing
Keep the person laying down until an ambulance arrives (standing will cause their blood pressure to drop)
According to Ms Said, if someone has an anaphylaxis then the only thing that will reverse it is a shot of adrenaline.
“Adrenaline is a natural hormone that’s in our body but when we have an anaphylaxis, we don’t have enough adrenaline to reverse the signs and symptoms,” she said.
“So it’s critical that that person gets an EpiPen — which is the only auto-injector that we have containing adrenaline in Australia — it’s critical that’s injected promptly to save someone’s life.”
It is possible to survive anaphylaxis without a shot of adrenaline, but it’s a dangerous gamble.
“There are times when people have had an anaphylaxis and they have not administered adrenaline and they’ve been lucky that it has self-limited,” Ms Said said.
“But more times a person will need adrenaline. An anaphylaxis is unpredictable, you don’t know when it’s going to stop at that point or where it’s going to keep going.”
Because there is no register in Australia of deaths as a result of anaphylaxis, it’s hard to get a handle on how many people have actually died from it here.
In 2016, researchers led by Dr Raymond Mullins examined coronial records and data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS).
The study found that the ABS had recorded 324 anaphylactic deaths between 1997 and 2013, and that the number of deaths had increased over time.
But researchers say this figure is likely an under-estimation of the real number of fatal cases of anaphylaxis.
Learn more about treatment in a First Aid Course.
What causes anaphylaxis?
Dr Mullins study found that of the deaths recorded by the ABS most of those deaths were due to reactions to medication, followed by reactions to insect stings and bites, and food.
But a severe allergic reaction to food — particularly nuts — is more likely to kill young people and death from food-related anaphylaxis is rare.
Nuts (peanuts and tree nuts) are behind the majority of food-related anaphylactic deaths for people under 20 years old, but the ABS data actually showed more people overall die from attacks brought on by seafood.
Ms Said said there are ten foods that trigger 90 per cent of food-related allergic reactions in Australia.
While people are more likely to suffer anaphylaxis outside the home, Ms Said said restricting the sale of such foods would be a bit over the top.
“That’s too much to ask for, these are nutritious foods. It’s just about people understanding the risk,” she said.
“Instead of using the one utensil to use all the salads in one night in a cafe, a clean bowl and clean utensils are used and people wash their hands between salads.”
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